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Adenomyosis is a medical condition that affects the uterus, specifically the inner lining called the endometrium. It is characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within the muscular wall of the uterus, known as the myometrium. This abnormal growth of tissue can cause various symptoms and can impact a woman's reproductive health.
Here is some important information about adenomyosis:
CAUSES OF ADENOMYOSIS
The exact cause of adenomyosis is unknown, but several theories have been proposed. It is believed that certain factors may contribute to the development of adenomyosis, including:
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- Oestrogen: High levels of estrogen, a female sex hormone, may promote the growth of endometrial tissue and contribute to adenomyosis.
- Invasive growth: It is thought that during menstruation, the endometrial tissue may invade the myometrium through the natural openings of the uterus, leading to the development of adenomyosis.
- Surgical history: Women who have had previous uterine surgery, such as a caesarean section or fibroid removal, may have an increased risk of developing adenomyosis.
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SYMPTOMS OF ADENOMYOSIS
The symptoms of adenomyosis can vary from woman to woman, and some women may not experience any symptoms at all. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
- Severe menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
- Pelvic pain and pressure
- Pain during intercourse
- Abdominal bloating or swelling
- Blood clots during menstruation
- Irregular bleeding between periods
Diagnosis:
Diagnosing adenomyosis typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These may include:
- Pelvic examination: A healthcare provider may feel an enlarged or tender uterus during a pelvic examination.
- Imaging tests: Transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or hysterosonography may be used to visualize the uterus and detect any abnormalities.
- Endometrial biopsy: This procedure involves removing a small sample of the uterine lining for microscopic examination to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.
TREATMENT:-
The treatment options for adenomyosis depend on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, age, desire for future pregnancies, and overall health. Treatment options may include:
- Pain management: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
- Hormonal therapy: Medications such as hormonal birth control pills, progestin-only contraceptives, or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) can help control symptoms.
- Uterine artery embolization (UAE): This minimally invasive procedure blocks the blood supply to the uterus, reducing symptoms.
- Endometrial ablation: It involves removing or destroying the inner lining of the uterus to reduce menstrual bleeding.
- Hysterectomy: In severe cases or when fertility is no longer desired, surgical removal of the uterus may be recommended as a definitive treatment.
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan if you suspect you may have adenomyosis. They can evaluate your symptoms, perform the necessary tests, and guide you through the available treatment options.