Bipolar disorder: Types and Symptoms

Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder that causes unusual changes in a person’s mood, energy level throughout the day, concentration, and the ability to work. The person suffering from this have episodes of extremely emotional states ranging from energised emotions (called manic episodes) to very depressive mood (depressive episodes). The states where the manic episodes are less severe are known as hypomanic episodes. These episodes of maniac, hypomanic or depressive states can happen along with a phase of neutrality.

People can have mood swings but they are different from people with bipolar disorder These mood swings last for a short period of time, maybe for a few hours but in case of bipolar disorders these mood changes last for days. Also, normal mood swings doesn’t show extreme emotional or behaviour change or doesn’t affect daily activities and relationships, but bipolar disorders can affect all these things.

Bipolar disorder is categorised in mainly 3 main types of:

Advertisment

1. Bipolar I 
2. Bipolar II
3. Cyclothymia.

Bipolar I

Bipolar I is defined by the presence of manic episodes that lasts at least 7 days or by severe manic symptoms that require hospitalisation. Usually hypomanic episodes or major depressive episodes can occur before and after the manic episode. 

Bipolar II

Bipolar II disorder is characterised by a pattern of major depressive and hypomaniac episodes. These episodes are less severe than the episodes in 

bipolar disorder I.

Advertisment

Cyclothymia

Cyclothymia is defined with the presence of episodes of hypomania and depression. The symptoms are shorter and less intense than the ones present in bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. 

Your doctor can diagnose the type of bipolar disorder you are having when they consult you.

Symptoms of manic episodes:

The phase of a  manic episode is a period which lasts at least one week where the person seems very energetic. During manic episodes the person can show symptoms like:

• Extreme sense of happiness and excitement
• Sudden transition from being happy to angry or irritated 
• Speaking more and faster 
• Feeling of Restlessness
• Racing thoughts 
• Poor concentration
• Abnormally high sex drive
• Wild imaginations and unrealistic plans
• Impulsive behaviour 
• Huge sense of self-confidence 

Advertisment

These symptoms cause interference in work, relationship, or social activities. In most of the cases the person is taken to the hospital for them to stay safe.

Hypomanic Episode

A hypomanic episode is defined as symptoms that are similar to manic episodes but less severe manic symptoms. They don’t cause major affects in daily life or work.

Major Depressive Episode

In a major depressive episode the person can have symptoms like:

• Feeling of intense sadness 
• Feelings worthless 
• Feeling guilty 
• Tiredness 
• Loss of interest 
• Increased or decreased sleep and appetite
• Thoughts of suicide

This disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that affects an estimated 2.8% of adults in the United States. It is a serious condition that can disrupt a person's life, relationships, and ability to function in daily activities. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about bipolar disorder, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Causes of Bipolar Disorder

The exact cause of this disorder is unknown, but research has suggested that genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development. Studies have found that individuals with a family history of this disorder are more likely to develop the condition than those without a family history. Additionally, stressful life events, such as abuse, trauma, and loss, can trigger bipolar disorder in some individuals.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may experience increased energy, irritability, racing thoughts, grandiosity, and risky behaviors. They may also experience a decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, and impulsivity. During a depressive episode, individuals may experience feelings of sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, and loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. They may also experience changes in appetite, sleep, and concentration, and may have thoughts of suicide.

Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosing bipolar disorder can be challenging, as its symptoms can be mistaken for other mental health conditions, such as major depressive disorder or anxiety disorder. A thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. The evaluation may include a physical exam, blood tests, and psychological assessments to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. The mental health professional may also ask about the individual's family history, medical history, and symptoms, and may use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to diagnose bipolar disorder.

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing treatment. The goals of treatment are to stabilize mood, reduce symptoms, and improve quality of life. Treatment may include medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications used to treat bipolar disorder include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), can help individuals with bipolar disorder manage their symptoms and improve their coping skills. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and stress management, can also help individuals with bipolar disorder improve their overall well-being.

Management of Bipolar Disorder

Managing bipolar disorder requires ongoing care and attention. Individuals with bipolar disorder should work closely with their mental health professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan and monitor their symptoms. They should also stay informed about their condition, take their medications as prescribed, and attend therapy sessions regularly. Additionally, they should make lifestyle changes to promote their mental and physical health, such as getting regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep. It is also important for individuals with bipolar disorder to avoid drugs and alcohol, as they can worsen symptoms and interfere with treatment.

Here are 13 Things to Know About Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects an estimated 2.8% of adults in the United States.

• The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development.

• Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression.

• Diagnosing bipolar disorder can be challenging, as its symptoms can be mistaken for other mental health conditions.

• Treatment for bipolar disorder may include medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes.

• Medications used to treat bipolar disorder include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. These medications work by regulating mood, reducing symptoms of mania and depression, and preventing future episodes. It is important to work closely with a mental health professional to find the right medication and dosage, as different individuals may respond differently to different medications.

• Psychotherapy can be an effective treatment for bipolar disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals with bipolar disorder identify and challenge negative thoughts and behaviors, while interpersonal therapy (IPT) can help improve relationships and communication skills.

• Lifestyle changes can also play an important role in managing bipolar disorder. Regular exercise, healthy eating, and stress management techniques can help improve overall well-being and reduce the risk of relapse.

• Bipolar disorder can be a challenging condition to live with, but with the right treatment and support, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives. It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to seek help and support from mental health professionals, family members, and friends.

• Bipolar disorder can also co-occur with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to receive treatment for all co-occurring conditions.

• Individuals with bipolar disorder may experience episodes of hypomania, which is a milder form of mania that does not cause significant impairment in daily functioning. Hypomania can also be a symptom of bipolar II disorder, which is a type of bipolar disorder characterized by episodes of hypomania and depression.

• Bipolar disorder can also affect children and adolescents. Symptoms of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents may include irritability, hyperactivity, aggression, and impulsivity. It is important for parents and caregivers to seek help from mental health professionals if they suspect their child may have bipolar disorder.

• Bipolar disorder is not caused by personal weakness or character flaws. It is a complex condition that is influenced by both biological and environmental factors.

There is no cure for bipolar disorder, but with the right treatment and support, individuals with bipolar disorder can manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to stay informed about their condition, take an active role in their treatment, and seek help and support when needed.

In conclusion, bipolar disorder is a complex and challenging mental health condition that can have a significant impact on a person's life. However, with the right treatment and support, individuals with bipolar disorder can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to seek help and support from mental health professionals, family members, and friends, and to make lifestyle changes to promote their overall well-being. By staying informed about their condition and taking an active role in their treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of relapse.

Bipolar disorder can be treated with medication, psychotherapy and continuous effort of the mental health expert and the patient. It is important to consult a healthcare expert and get the right diagnosis and treatment.